Given the reported association of high ALDH activity with tumor-initiating cells and chemotherapeutic drug resistance [11, 13, 15], we next investigated the influence of ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, and ALDH3A1 mRNA expression on the survival of patients treated with or without chemotherapy, according to data in public NSCLC datasets from the TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH1A1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.