VEGFA and clear cell renal carcinoma: Rustum et al. found that the levels of specific biomarkers associated with drug resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, such as HIFs, oncogenic miR-155 and miR-210, and VEGF, could be selectively downregulated by methylselenocysteine or seleno-L-methionine in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which conferred existing anticancer therapies with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and selectivity [192].