GSDMD and infection: As shown in Figure 5, complementation of VPRH restored all of the inflammasome-mediated phenotypes upon BMDM infection, including rapid cell death (Figure 5A,B), IL-1β secretion (Figure 5C), as well as cleavage of caspase-1, maturation of IL-1β, and cleavage of GSDMD (Figure 5E,F).