IL6 and colitis: In this current study, it was found that galangin had significant effects on decreasing three key pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) during colitis, which is supported by previous in vivo studies investigating galangin’s anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-injected mouse brains [30] and fructose-fed rat livers [31].