SNCA and Parkinson disease: Such a gap could be explained by the multifactorial profile of the disease (e.g., alpha-synuclein accumulation, mitochondrial and UPS dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation), which leads to the extensive loss of DAn in the nigrostriatal pathway, thereby resulting in debilitating motor limitations [2] In the in vivo experiments performed in the present study, we used a classical PD rat model, induced by unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the MFB [17,20].