CD274 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma: In fact, since May 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several agents targeting the programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis for treating platinum-refractory BlCa patients, including Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab (targeting PD-1), and also Durvalumab, Atezolizumab, and Avelumab (targeting PD-L1).