Pro-inflammatory markers such as white blood cell counts and plasma levels of coagulation factors (fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), APP such as CRP and serum amyloid A (SAA), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, IL-1b, and IL-6), and chemokines are positively correlated with insulin resistance and the features of the metabolic syndrome in most cases [170]. Here, TNF is linked to Insulin resistance.