These days, much more interest goes out to blockade of the potent immune checkpoint inhibitors cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1/2, which has already demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in different cancers as monotherapy and is increasingly being combined with DC vaccination [119]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is cancer.