We demonstrate that hepatocyte-derived IL-10 regulates the main infection-associated immunopathologies, such as anemia, weight loss, chronic systemic inflammation, hepatosplenomegaly and liver damage during chronic infection with T. congolense. Hence, although other cells can produce IL-10 during experimental T. congolense infection, hepatocyte-derived IL-10 is crucial to control inflammation-induced immunopathogenicity during the chronic stage of infection that ultimately mediates host survival. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is anemia.