EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: As for the researches regarding S-1 plus TKIs, a phase II trial shows that first-line concurrent carboplatin, S-1, and gefitinib is efficacious in advanced EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC patients.[24] S-1 plus EGFR-TKIs shows synergistic efficacy in stage IIIB-IV NSCLC patients who have experienced prior EGFR-TKI failure because of acquired resistance.[28] Another trial indicates that S-1 plus gefitinib is effective in EGFR mutation-positive pulmonary adenocarcinoma.[23]