PDCD1 and neoplasm: Humanized monoclonal antibodies have been designed to block the interaction between programmed cell-death-protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) that is a negative regulator of T-cell anti-tumor defense.[19] Both anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) ICIs have demonstrated their benefit in comparison with chemotherapy.[20–25] Only low percentages of patients with EGFR mutations or ALK translocations were included in those trials.