TARDBP and Intellectual disability: For example, deletion of a gene coding for fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP, a repressor of mRNA translation) causes mental retardation and mutations in a gene coding for TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43), which impairs protein synthesis by sequestering mRNAs, can cause ALS or frontotemporal dementia (Verkerk et al., 1991; Coyne et al., 2017).