INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Similarly, a comparative study of BM-MSCs and BM-MNCs for the treatment of T2DM showed a significant increase in insulin sensitivity in the MSC-treated group, while BM-MNC increased the C-peptide response; however, both BM-MSC and BM-MNC transplantation can lead to a decrease in the dose of exogenous insulin in patients with T2DM [23].