A study of 98 Brazilian men with Kallmann syndrome reported that cryptorchidism was observed in 54% of all patients, 65% (11/17) of patients with KAL-1 gene mutation (two boys with unilateral and nine boys with bilateral cryptorchidism) and 23% of patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (129). This evidence concerns the gene ANOS1 and cryptorchidism.