NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: In AD, microglia are stimulated by binding to soluble Aβ oligomers and Aβ fibrils via cell-surface receptors, which induce inflammatory reaction by the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway resulting in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines release (Bonaiuto et al., 1997; Agostinho et al., 2010; Cameron and Landreth, 2010; Mandrekar-Colucci and Landreth, 2010; Heneka et al., 2013).