The cumulative incidence of destructive thyroiditis and/or hypothyroidism was significantly higher in the patients with irregular vs. regular echo patterns (13/23 [56.5%] vs. 1/19 [5.3%] among those treated with either anti-PD-1 antibody, log-rank test, p = 0.001; 3/6 [50%] vs. 0/10 [0%] among those treated with pembrolizumab, log-rank test, p < 0.05; 10/17 [58.8%] vs. 1/9 [11.1%] among those treated with nivolumab, log-rank test, p < 0.05) (Fig. 3c–e). Here, PDCD1 is linked to thyroiditis.