ALB and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The aims of this study were to first determine the associations between urinary biomarkers, specifically urinary sodium, potassium, and albumin, with cardiovascular risk factors, T2D, and CVD in the UK Biobank by means of observational analyses including sex-stratified analyses; and then to test whether any of these associations are causal using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, combining UK Biobank data with publicly available data from relevant genome-wide association studies (GWAS).