In tumor tissue, as compared with control groups, vaccine plus NKTR-214 greatly enhanced the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and multiple chemokines, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL13 (Fig. 6d and Supplementary Fig. 6f), while the expression of these chemokines was sharply reduced by neutralization of IFN-γ and TNF-α (Fig. 6d). Here, CCL5 is linked to neoplasm.