MMP9 and breast cancer: As shown in Fig. 2a and Supplementary Fig. 3, we found that sevoflurane increased pro-inflammatory cytokines known to facilitate mammary tumor metastasis, such as IL-6, interleukin-12, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1 α), TARC (CCL17), chemokine ligand 1 (I-309/CCL1), and pro-matrix metallopeptidase 9 (Pro-MMP9) in comparison to reference 19.