PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: These mechanisms were largely similar to those of known AMPK activators such as biguanides, adiponectin, and resveratrol.39, 62, 65, 66 These compounds also improved insulin resistance by inducing Pgc‐1α gene expression, which is a master regulator of mitochondria‐related genes, via activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway.63, 65 Pharmacological approaches for type 2 diabetes or antiaging targeting this pathway have been attempted recently.64, 67 However, it is difficult to exclude the possibility that AX potentially exerts its effects via entirely different mechanisms from these compounds.