Melanoma cells cultured alone, with or without melphalan-exposure, produced non-detectable or very low levels of CXCL10 (<20 pg/ml, n = 6), approximately 100 times less CCL2 than the levels in melphalan-exposed co-cultures (1740 ± 370 pg/ml, mean ± SEM, n = 6) and non-detectable levels of IFN-γ (<28 pg/ml). Here, CCL2 is linked to melanoma.