The rearrangement and decrease of both α- and β-cells has been observed in the animal diabetes model and in humans.(73–75) Recently, it has been shown that SeP levels are negatively correlated with the insulinogenic index, an indicator of insulin secretion,(57) suggesting that excess SeP is a considerable therapeutic target to protect pancreas function in patients with type 2 diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.