VDR and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The variety of proteins and pathways targeted by these drugs include the cell cycle, proteasome, ion channels, apoptosis pathways, calcium/vitamin D receptor signaling, EGFR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and serotonin signaling, as well as several non-human, microbial pathogen targets, indicating these drugs for treatment of a range of diseases, including cancer, cardiac arrhythmias, calcium imbalance, depression, and bacterial/viral/parasitic infections.