Combined DSF and PD-1 antibody treatment markedly increased the number of granzyme B-positive CD8+ T cells in the tumor (Fig. 8d) compared to monotherapy, suggesting the cytotoxic T-cell (CTL)-dependent mechanism for the combination effect and that macrophage regulation by the FROUNT inhibitor DSF might increase the responsiveness to immune-checkpoint therapy. This evidence concerns the gene NUP85 and neoplasm.