To assess the association between LCN2 and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebrovascular pathology, LCN2 concentrations were quantified in two cohorts that included cerebral small vessel disease but no dementia (SVDND), vascular cognitive impairment but no dementia (VCIND), and VaD (cohort 1 and 4). This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and cerebral small vessel disease.