Double-labeling immunofluorescence to GFAP and LCN2 showed that about 58% of astrocytes in AD, 12% of astrocytes in the peripheral region of subacute infarcts, and 32% of astrocytes at the periphery of chronic infarcts expressed LCN2 (Fig. 5a, c, e). Here, LCN2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.