Higher fasting and 2-h blood glucose (5.3 vs. 5.0 mmol/l; p < 0.0001 and 7.4 vs. 6.0 mmol/l; p < 0.0001, respectively) and fasting and 2-h insulin levels (7.6 vs. 6.7 IU/l; p = 0.0328 and 58.8 vs. 37.3 IU/l; p = 0.0003, respectively) were found in the CKD group compared to those with normal kidney function. Here, INS is linked to chronic kidney disease.