MTOR and hepatocellular carcinoma: Moreover, biological pathways are usually dysregulated in Wnt/β-catenin pathway, p53 pathway, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), TGF-β and Notch signaling in HCC without PMS1 germline mutations.[16,18] However, biological functions altered in this case were not common in HCC.