PMS1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: The mutational spectrum is usually dominated by C>T substitution in cancers carrying MMR gene mutations.[17,36] Fang et al proposed that the loss-of-function mutations within PMS1 increased mutation frequency and promoted tumorigenesis.[37] Our observation in this study suggested that sporadic HCC without germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations also exhibited a predisposition of C>T substitution.