A growing body of evidence suggests that both type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients exhibit a variety of neuropathological and neurobehavioural changes, including cerebrovascular changes,4 insulin signalling systems impairments in cerebral,5 poor visual space construction, planning and visual memory injury.6, 7 Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a series of neuropathological changes caused by diabetes, which common symptoms are paraesthesia, numbness and impaired cognition.8 The pathogenesis of DE is not completely clear. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.