GCG and neurodegenerative disease: Numerous preclinical studies have emphasized the neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions of incretins and analogs in different rodent models of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, in which incretin mimetics enhanced memory and learning, promoted neuronal survival, induced neurogenesis, and inhibited neuroinflammation (Perry et al., 2007; Bertilsson et al., 2008; Li et al., 2009, 2016; Holscher and Li, 2010; McClean et al., 2011; Faivre and Holscher, 2013; Kim et al., 2017).