CD209 and infection: In a recent study, we demonstrated that S. Typhimurium targets DC-SIGN (CD209s) expressed by APCs to promote host dissemination and infection in an animal model, which may provide an explanation of a persistent infection, such as carried by “Typhoid Mary.” The identification of the molecular mechanism of persistent bacterial infection, such as Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-associated tuberculosis, would facilitate treatment of infections.