NFE2L2 and infection: As L. amazonensis infection is able to induce autophagy, which is essential for the progression of the infection (Pinheiro et al., 2009), and the participation of the Nrf2, PKR, and PI3K pathways has been reported in this cellular process; that is, there is a close relationship or convergence of these signaling pathways such that, together, they may trigger autophagy and the creation of an antioxidative profile during L. amazonensis infection.