CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For example, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors were found to have promising antitumor effects on malignant melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (14, 20).