MAPT and neurodegenerative disease: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most dominant form of dementia, accounting for 60–80% of dementia cases, is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ; plaques) outside neurons and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) inside the neurons in the brain, which lead to cognitive deficit, memory loss, and then neuron death.