For pathological analysis of human gallbladders, we first examined the SOX17/SOX9 expression profiles in seven non-BA [six congenital biliary dilation (CBD) cases, one gallstone (GS) case] and eight control [one pancreatoblastoma (PB) case, seven hepatoblastoma (HB) cases] gallbladders (Fig. 2; Table 1). Here, SOX17 is linked to gallstones.