Exposure to PEPs prolonged QT, altered expression of key repolarizing potassium channels in the right ventricle (Kv1.5, Kv4.2) and left ventricle (Kv7.1), and increased arrhythmia long after cessation of exposures, indicating PEPs induced spontaneous tachyarrhythmia and electrical remodeling. This evidence concerns the gene KCNA3 and cardiac arrhythmia.