Consistent with the roles of Aβ plaques in AD, type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-related islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) deposits (13, 14) in pancreatic islets also can activate the pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and generate mature proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β (15), resulting in β-cell dysfunction and insulin deficiency (16, 17). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.