A multitude of inflammatory chronic pain conditions including Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and peripheral neuropathies have been shown to up-regulate TrpV1 activity through a number of different factors such as cytokines, prostaglandins, bradykinin, NGF, glutamine, and serotonin44. This evidence concerns the gene TRPV1 and irritable bowel syndrome.