During the chronic stage of infection (8 weeks), cytokine levels in Cbs+/− and WT mice were similar except for a lower TNF-α and IL-10 levels in Cbs+/− mice (Supplementary Fig. 3A), which might be due to reduced percentages of neutrophils and lymphoid cells mostly in the spleen (Supplementary Figs. 2S-Z, 3F and G). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.