Among these studies that demonstrated no alteration in serum IL-10 also included those from Table 1 which demonstrated significant increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in the PTSD group as compared to their respective healthy controls [15,16,25,44,45], indicating that elevated proinflammatory cytokines in association with PTSD may not necessarily reflect reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and post-traumatic stress disorder.