SMAD3 and arterial disorder: Some genes that have been specifically implicated in causing other arteriopathies outside of the thoracic aorta include FBN1, LOX, PRKG1, SMAD2, SMAD3, TGFB3, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2, although experimental evidence is weak for some genes [9,141,142,143].