Tumour hypoxia has also been found to increase breast cancer cell survival through NEAT1, which is a long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) regulated principally by HIF‐2α rather than by HIF‐1α.47 Induction of NEAT1 by hypoxia leads to accelerated proliferation, improved survival and reduced apoptosis of breast cancer cells.48 Interestingly, PTBP3 has been implicated in the promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma by disrupting the splicing balance of NEAT1.49 The PTBP3 protein was found to recruit abundant lnc‐NEAT1 splicing variants and precursors of miR‐612 in the nucleus. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and hepatocellular carcinoma.