INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder which destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, preventing the body from adequately regulating blood glucose levels.1 According to the 2017 International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas eighth edition, the number of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is increasing annually, with an estimated 96 100 new cases worldwide every year.2