KL and heart failure: In 2011, Semba et al. showed in a cohort of 1023 community-dwelling adults that higher plasma Klotho levels were independently associated with a lower likelihood of having CVD (understood as coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, stroke or PAD and, similarly to our study, they observed an inverse association between circulating Klotho and CRP levels (r=-0.10, P<0.001) [11].