In addition, CXCL10 in urine was higher during BKPyV DNAemia in KTRs who displayed higher DNA loads, significant levels of decoy cells and an eGFR decrease than in KTRs who did not (median concentration: 345.42 vs. 168.09 pg/ml, 95% CIs: 254.73–538.69 vs. 115.93–234.00, P = 0.0447) and peaked in patients in whom PVAN was verified histologically (median concentration: 412.97 pg/ml, 95% CI: 291.90–571.03, P = 0.0204, dCohen = 0.885, Fig. 3b). The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is BK-virus nephropathy.