Interestingly, CD73-neutralization in ZM241385 and PSB1115-treated mice inhibited CD73 detection on MC38 tumors (Fig. 7f), implying that the accessibility and effects of these therapeutic agents to MC38-CAFs are potentially limited and that the observed control of MC38 progression is likely contributed directly by the agent-mediated tumor killing (Supplementary Fig. 7b) and/or modification of TILs, instead of the CAF-CD73 modification demonstrated in the EG7 TME. Here, NT5E is linked to neoplasm.