Therapeutically, simultaneous blockade of the non-redundant CAF-A2B-CD73 circuit and ADO-A2A-dependent inhibition of immune activation will be vital to improve the currently proposed/on-going tests of A2A and/or CD73-neutralization clinical trials, as well as other activate therapies that induce massive cell death10,26,42,60,61, to alleviate the CAF-CD73-mediated immune checkpoint for ultimate and durable tumor control. Here, NT5E is linked to neoplasm.