LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Leptin, resistin, and visfatin are known to be positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and these pro-inflammatory adipokines have been implicated in regulation of food intake, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy [36,37,38], linking obesity to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.