CD38 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Besides clinical staging, additional biomarkers such as ZAP-70 and CD38 expression, serum β2 microglobulin level, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes (IGHV) mutational status, chromosomal aberrations [e.g., del(17p), del(11q)], and gene mutations (e.g., TP53) provide prognostic information in CLL [3].