In a prostate cancer mouse model (TRAMP mice: Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate), Harper and collaborators demonstrated that EGCG given ad libitum as 0.06% in water reduced ERK phosphorylation, together with androgen receptor (AR), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), COX-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [88]. Here, IGF1 is linked to prostate carcinoma.