Additionally, the benefits of GM-CSF have been demonstrated in AD models, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), autologous bone marrow transplantation, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (Nemunaitis et al., 1991a; Nemunaitis et al., 1991b; Nemunaitis et al., 1995; Rowe et al., 1995; Kiyota et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and acute myeloid leukemia.