Molecular xenomonitoring (MX, monitoring the presence of parasite DNA in mosquitoes) of infection in vectors has been recognized as a tool complementary to TAS and is used for monitoring recrudescence of infection in post-MDA [17, 18] and validation phases [19–21] when the infection is at a level lower than that detectable by Ag or Mf-testing. This evidence concerns the gene RENBP and infection.